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How did the Tsar survive 1905?

1) Made promises to stop a revolution - The October Manifesto - promised 3 things:
A) civil liberty - the right to free speech or to hold meetings.
B) a Duma, or parliament - elected by all adults
C) all laws to be made and approved by the Duma
This eased tension however the Tsar had no intention of keeping these promises.

3) Repression
- Stolypin was the Tsar’s chief minister between 1906 and 1909 - he granted the Okhrana powers to execute those who seemed so guilty no need for trial - led to phrase Stolypin’s necktie - 4,000 executed and 4,000 sentenced to hard labour.
- secret police was extremely successful at infiltrating radical groups - Evno Azef - leader of fighting section of Social Revolutionaries was at same time a police agent.
Hundreds of radical newspapers closed.
Trade Unions restricted.

4) Reforms
Zemstva - industrial council was encouraged and helped by government - introduced extensive improvements in public health and a system of health insurance for workers.
In 1908 a program announced to bring about compulsory universal education within ten years.
These gave Tsar more popularity.

5) Opposition parties appeared to be less militant by end of decade.
Large numbers of Kadets became increasingly right wing and the membership of the Social Democrats was falling.